HUGJILTU. (2008). A Comparative Study on the Phonetics between Orchon and Mongolian. Altai Hakpo 18: 89-123. The Altaic Society of Korea.

This paper shows a phonetic corresponding relation about the short vowels, long vowels, compound vowels, consonants, VC(V)/CV(C) Combinations between Orchon and Modern spoken Mongolian and written Mongolian. It was find the followings phonetic corresponding relations between the Orchon language and Modern spoken Mongolian and written Mongolian:

(1) Short vowels:
a∥a∥a, a∥aː∥a, a∥ә∥e, a∥æ∥a; ә∥ә∥e, ә∥a∥a, ә∥i∥e, ә∥o[o]∥ö[o], ә∥әː∥e, ә∥eː∥ei; ɪ∥ɪ∥i, ɪ∥a∥i, ɪ∥ɔ∥i, ɪ∥ɷ∥u [ɷ], ɪ∥j∥ya, ɪ∥ja∥i; i∥i∥i, i∥a∥i, i∥ә∥i, i∥o[o]∥ö[o], i∥ɷɪ~iː∥ui; ɔ∥ɔ∥o[ɔ], ɔ∥ɷ∥u[ɷ], ɔ∥ɷ∥i, ɔ∥ɷː∥‐aγu~‐uγu‐~uu; ʊ∥ɷ∥u[ɷ], ʊ∥ʊː∥‐uγu‐, ʊ∥ɪʊ∥‐iγu‐, ʊ∥ɔ∥o[ɔ], ʊ∥ʏ∥u[ɷ], ʊ∥ɔ~œ∥o[ɔ]; o∥/o/[o]∥ö[o], u∥u∥ü[u], u∥o[o]∥ö[o], u∥ɔ∥o[ɔ], u∥ɷ~ɷː~ɷɪ∥‐uγu‐, u∥uː∥eü, u∥o[o]∥ö[o], u∥oː[oː]∥‐öge‐.

(2) Long vowels:
aː∥aː∥‐aγa‐, aː∥æ∥a, aː∥a~ă∥a, aː∥ɔː∥‐uγa‐, aː∥æː∥‐aγa‐, aː∥‐aɡă‐∥‐aγa‐, aː∥aː∥‐aγa‐, aː∥aː∥a, aː∥ă∥a; әː∥әː∥‐ege‐~‐iye‐; eː∥oː∥‐iye‐, әː∥ǒ∥ö[o], әː∥ә̌∥e, әː∥ә∥e, Eː∥æː∥ai, Eː∥aː∥‐iya‐, Eː∥ɡɪɔ∥‐giya‐, iː∥iː∥i, iː∥u∥ü, ɔː∥ɔː∥‐oγo‐, ɔː∥ɔ∥o[ɔ], ɔː∥ɔ∥o[ɔ], ɔː∥ɷː∥‐uγu‐, ɔː∥ɷː∥‐aγu‐, ɔː∥ɷ∥u[ɷ], ʊː∥ɷː∥‐uγu‐, ʊː∥Ø∥a, oː∥oː∥‐öge‐, uː∥uː~oː∥‐ügü‐.

(3) Consonants: 
b∥b∥b, b∥x∥k, w∥b∥b, w∥ŋɡ∥‐ngg‐, p∥b∥b, p∥m∥m, m∥m∥m, m∥b∥b, m∥g∥g, m∥ŋ∥ng, d∥d∥d, d∥ʤ∥ǰ, d∥t∥t, t∥t∥t, t∥ʧ∥č, t∥x∥q, t∥d∥d, n∥n∥n, n∥ŋ∥ng[ŋ], n∥r∥r, n∥ŋ∥ng, n∥g∥g, n∥ɲ, n∥r, ɲ∥n∥n, ɲ∥ʤ∥ǰ, l∥l∥l, l∥r∥r, l∥‐lә̌ɡ‐∥‐lig‐, r∥r∥r, r∥l∥l, r∥ʃ∥s, r∥g∥γ, ʤ∥ʤ∥ǰ, ʤ∥ʧ∥č, ʤ∥d∥d, ʧ∥ʧ∥č, ʧ∥s~ʧ∥s~č, ʧ∥ʃ∥s, ʃ∥ʃ∥š~s(i), ʃ∥ʤ∥ǰ, ʃ∥ʧ∥č, ʃ(~h)∥s∥s, ʃ(~h)∥x∥k, j∥j∥y, ɡ∥ɡ∥γ, ɡ∥ɡ∥g, ɡ∥x∥q, ɡ∥n∥n, ɡ∥ʤ∥ǰ, k∥x∥q, k∥x∥k, k∥ɡ∥γ, k∥ɡ∥k, k∥ɡ∥g, k∥x∥q~k, k∥ɡ∥γ, k∥ʧ∥č, ŋ∥ŋ∥ng, ŋ∥ɡ∥γ, ŋ∥x∥q.

(4) VC(V)/CV(C) Combinations: 
‐aɡa‐∥aː∥‐aγa‐, ‐ajɪ‐∥æː∥‐ayi‐, ‐aw‐∥ɷː∥‐aγu‐, ‐әɡә‐∥әː∥‐ege‐, ‐әɡәː‐∥әː∥‐ege‐, ‐әkә‐∥øː∥ei, ‐әːkә‐∥oː∥‐öge‐, ‐әrә‐∥rә̌ɡ∥‐erge‐, ‐әjә‐∥әː∥‐ege‐, ‐ɪwʊ‐∥ɷː∥‐aγu‐, ‐ɪw‐∥ɪɷ∥‐iγu‐, ‐ɪɡa‐∥ɪa∥‐iya‐, ‐uɡәː‐∥әː∥‐üge‐, ‐ɡa‐∥ɔː∥‐oγa‐, ‐ɡa‐∥aː∥‐iya‐, ‐uj‐∥ui∥üi, ‐әji‐∥uː∥‐egü‐, ‐aj‐∥æː∥ai, ‐awu‐∥ɷː∥‐aγu‐, ‐ʊwa‐∥ɔː∥‐oγo‐, ‐aw‐∥ɷɪ∥au~‐aγu‐, ‐ku‐∥uː∥‐aγu‐, ‐iɡәː‐∥iә∥‐iye‐, ‐әːɡ‐∥uː∥‐egüü‐, ‐kin‐∥uː∥‐igüü‐, j∥‐lʤi‐∥‐lǰi‐.

Keywords: Comparative Study, Phonetics, phonetic corresponding relation, Orchon language, Mongolian