KIM Phil. (2010). Tense in Kazakh and Korean. Altai Hakpo 20: 231-254. The Altaic Society of Korea.

This article aims to investigate the morphological structure and grammatical function of tense realization in Kazakh and to draw similarities and differences vis-à-vis Korean. Below grammatical observations are found.

The verbal adverb -ıp/-ip/-p used in the simple present is similar to the connectives in Korean -eo, -go, -ge, -ji. The verbal adverb -a-/-e-/-y- used in transitional present is equivalent to the suffix of present tense in Korean -neun-/-eun-.

The suffixes of simple past -dı-/-di-, -tı-/-ti- correspond to the suffix of past tense in Korean -eoss-/-ass-, while the past participles used in the past perfect -ğan-/-gen-, -qan-/-ken- are similar to the suffix of past perfect tense in Korean -eosseoss-/-asseoss-. The past participles used in transitional past -atın-/-etin-, -ytın-/-ytin- or -wşı/-wşican be compared to the constructions in Korean respectively -gon haessda(used to) and -deo-(retrospect in the past).

Participles used in suppositional and intentional future are similar to the suffix of future tense in Korean -gessexpressing suppositional or intentional modality. The verbal adverb -a/-e/-y used in transitional future is identical to the suffix of future tense in Korean -gess expressing modality of possibility.

Keywords: tense, Kazakh, Korean, aspect, modality